calendar: date an ambient event by its day word, and refuse stale ones

EventFromNotification took the date from the notification's own day, on the
grounds that a meeting notification is about today or it would not be firing.
Calendar apps break that. A 21:00 reminder reading "Tomorrow at 09:00" became
an event at 09:00 today, twelve hours in the past, and FactKey filed that
wrong meeting under today's date. Storing a wrong meeting is the one outcome
this parse works to avoid.

An explicit day word now moves the date: завтра, tomorrow, послезавтра,
сегодня, today, tonight. Matched whole, so послезавтра is not read as завтра,
and stripped from the summary so the meeting is not named after the day.
Anything still landing more than two hours before the notification is refused,
which covers the cases with no day word at all. The grace keeps a repost for a
meeting already under way.

Also matches the bearer scheme with EqualFold. A phone sending "bearer <tok>"
fell through to the X-Maven-Token branch and got a 401 that looked like a
wrong token. A bare token with no scheme in Authorization is now rejected
rather than silently accepted. The route table in mavweb gains its /api/ambient
row, and the missing calendar_busy write is recorded as a known gap.

Found in review of #57.

cmd/mavweb/ambient.go

@@ -30,6 +30,13 @@ import (
 // A notification with no recognisable clock reading stores NOTHING. Maven is
 // not a guesser-of-truth, and a mailbox of noise rendered as invented meetings
 // is worse than a gap.
+//
+// KNOWN GAP: this writes calendar_event_* and nothing else, so an ambient
+// meeting is good enough to recite and not good enough to stop a nudge —
+// calendar_busy is still written only by the CalDAV poller. That is backwards,
+// since suppressing a nudge is the lower-risk use of a low-confidence signal.
+// calendar_busy is a level rather than an event, so an ambient writer needs an
+// expiry, which is its own task and not a change here.
 
 // ambientMaxBody bounds the request. A notification is two short lines.
 const ambientMaxBody = 8 << 10
@@ -120,8 +127,16 @@ func handleAmbient(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, core ipc.CoreAPI, tok
 
 // ambientAuthorized accepts the token as a bearer header or as an X-Maven-Token
 // header, compared in constant time.
+//
+// The scheme is matched case-insensitively. RFC 7235 says it is, and a phone
+// client sending "bearer <tok>" used to fall through to the X-Maven-Token
+// branch and get a silent 401 with nothing to see from the phone's side.
 func ambientAuthorized(r *http.Request, token string) bool {
-	got := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(r.Header.Get("Authorization"), "Bearer"))
+	got := ""
+	if authz := strings.TrimSpace(r.Header.Get("Authorization")); len(authz) >= len("Bearer") &&
+		strings.EqualFold(authz[:len("Bearer")], "Bearer") {
+		got = strings.TrimSpace(authz[len("Bearer"):])
+	}
 	if got == "" {
 		got = strings.TrimSpace(r.Header.Get("X-Maven-Token"))
 	}

cmd/mavweb/ambient_test.go

@@ -166,6 +166,27 @@ func TestHandleAmbientAuth(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	// RFC 7235 says the scheme is case-insensitive. A phone sending
+	// "bearer <tok>" used to fall through to the X-Maven-Token branch and get a
+	// 401 that looked, from the phone's side, like a wrong token.
+	t.Run("lowercase bearer scheme accepted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		handleAmbient(rr, newReq("Authorization", "bearer "+ambientTestToken), &ambientCore{}, ambientTestToken)
+		if rr.Code != http.StatusCreated {
+			t.Errorf("status = %d, want 201: %s", rr.Code, rr.Body)
+		}
+	})
+
+	// A bare token with no scheme is not a bearer header. Accepting it made the
+	// Authorization branch a second, undocumented X-Maven-Token.
+	t.Run("bare token in Authorization rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		handleAmbient(rr, newReq("Authorization", ambientTestToken), &ambientCore{}, ambientTestToken)
+		if rr.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+			t.Errorf("status = %d, want 401", rr.Code)
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("X-Maven-Token accepted", func(t *testing.T) {
 		rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
 		handleAmbient(rr, newReq("X-Maven-Token", ambientTestToken), &ambientCore{}, ambientTestToken)