diff --git a/cmd/mavend/actions_act_risk_test.go b/cmd/mavend/actions_act_risk_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24fd271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/mavend/actions_act_risk_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/router"
+)
+
+// The act path speaks each tier (Vikunja #449): a safe row runs, a destructive
+// one costs a confirm turn, an irreversible one is refused with the reason.
+func TestActPathSpeaksTheTiers(t *testing.T) {
+	h, st, _ := newClarifyHandler(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	now := h.now()
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name        string
+		cmd         []string
+		destructive bool
+	}{
+		{"status", []string{"true"}, false},
+		{"restart", []string{"true"}, true},
+		{"wipe", []string{"rm", "-rf"}, true},
+	} {
+		if _, err := st.ProposeTool(ctx, tc.name, "test", "homelab", now); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("propose %s: %v", tc.name, err)
+		}
+		if err := st.EnableTool(ctx, tc.name, tc.cmd, tc.destructive, "homelab", now); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("enable %s: %v", tc.name, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	act := func(fn string) string {
+		return h.actionAct(ctx, router.Decision{
+			Intent:    router.IntentAct,
+			Utterance: fn,
+			Slots:     router.Slots{Fn: fn, HasFn: true},
+		})
+	}
+
+	if reply := act("status"); !strings.HasPrefix(reply, "готово") {
+		t.Errorf("safe act replied %q; want it to have run", reply)
+	}
+	if reply := act("restart"); !strings.Contains(reply, "скажи «да»") {
+		t.Errorf("destructive act replied %q; want a confirm turn", reply)
+	}
+	// Clear the confirm the destructive act parked, so what is pending after
+	// the irreversible one is only what the irreversible one parked.
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	h.pending = nil
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	reply := act("wipe")
+	if strings.Contains(reply, "скажи «да»") {
+		t.Fatalf("irreversible act asked for a confirm: %q", reply)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "не вернуть") {
+		t.Errorf("irreversible act replied %q; want it to name the reason", reply)
+	}
+	// Nothing was parked, so a later "да" cannot pick it up.
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	pending := h.pending
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+	if pending != nil {
+		t.Errorf("an irreversible act parked %+v", pending)
+	}
+	// And it is still an enabled row — refusing to run it from voice is not
+	// the same as taking it off the allowlist.
+	if got, err := st.LookupTool(ctx, "wipe"); err != nil || got.Status != "enabled" {
+		t.Errorf("wipe is %+v, %v; want it still enabled", got, err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/tool/risk_test.go b/internal/tool/risk_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4662e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/tool/risk_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package tool
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/ipc"
+)
+
+func TestRiskOfReadsTheRow(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		tool ipc.Tool
+		want Risk
+	}{
+		{"a plain read", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"systemctl", "status"}}, TierSafe},
+		{"the checkbox", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"systemctl", "restart"}, Destructive: true}, TierDestructive},
+		{"a wipe", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"rm", "-rf"}}, TierIrreversible},
+		{"a wipe behind a wrapper", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"sudo", "/bin/rm"}}, TierIrreversible},
+		{"a prune behind a subcommand", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"docker", "volume", "prune"}}, TierIrreversible},
+		{"the house", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"smarthome", "light.kitchen", "turn_off"}}, TierDestructive},
+		{"the house with the box unticked", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"smarthome", "lock.front", "unlock"}}, TierDestructive},
+		{"an mcp read", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"mcp", "vikunja", "list_tasks"}}, TierSafe},
+		{"an mcp write", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"mcp", "vikunja", "delete_task"}, Destructive: true}, TierDestructive},
+		{"a shape nobody wrote yet", ipc.Tool{}, TierDestructive},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		if got := RiskOf(c.tool); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("%s: RiskOf = %q; want %q", c.name, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// The default is the confirm turn. A tier this file does not know is not a
+// tier that runs freely.
+func TestPolicyForDefaultsToConfirming(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, r := range []Risk{TierDestructive, Risk("whatever-lands-here-next")} {
+		p := PolicyFor(r)
+		if !p.Confirm || !p.VoiceMayRun {
+			t.Errorf("PolicyFor(%q) = %+v; want a confirm turn she may run", r, p)
+		}
+	}
+	if p := PolicyFor(TierSafe); p.Confirm || !p.VoiceMayRun {
+		t.Errorf("PolicyFor(safe) = %+v; want it to run", p)
+	}
+	if p := PolicyFor(TierIrreversible); !p.Confirm || p.VoiceMayRun {
+		t.Errorf("PolicyFor(irreversible) = %+v; want voice refused", p)
+	}
+}
+
+// An irreversible act is refused whether or not he said "да", because there is
+// no second answer that changes what it would do.
+func TestExecRefusesIrreversibleEvenConfirmed(t *testing.T) {
+	api := fakeAPI{tools: map[string]ipc.Tool{
+		"wipe": {Name: "wipe", Status: "enabled", Cmd: []string{"rm", "-rf"}, Destructive: true},
+	}}
+	e := NewExecutor(api, 0)
+	ran := false
+	e.run = func(context.Context, []string) (string, error) { ran = true; return "", nil }
+	for _, confirmed := range []bool{false, true} {
+		if _, err := e.Exec(context.Background(), "wipe", []string{"/data"}, confirmed); !errors.Is(err, ErrNeedsAuthedSurface) {
+			t.Errorf("confirmed=%v: %v; want ErrNeedsAuthedSurface", confirmed, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if ran {
+		t.Fatal("an irreversible act ran from the voice path")
+	}
+}
+
+// A row with no cmd at all is not a shape this file reads, and it must not
+// slide through as safe.
+func TestExecConfirmsAnUnreadableRow(t *testing.T) {
+	api := fakeAPI{tools: map[string]ipc.Tool{
+		"mystery": {Name: "mystery", Status: "enabled"},
+	}}
+	e := NewExecutor(api, 0)
+	if _, err := e.Exec(context.Background(), "mystery", nil, false); !errors.Is(err, ErrNeedsConfirm) {
+		t.Errorf("%v; want ErrNeedsConfirm", err)
+	}
+}