mavweb: group the allowlist by capability domain (V-452)

scope.domain.action, the shape Hexis has always spoken, derived from the row
rather than stored — a derivation is one place to argue with, a column is
whatever the last person to enable the tool typed. The name stays the primary
key and nothing about lookup or execution changes: this is a way to read the
allowlist, not a second allowlist.

MatchCapability widens one way, so house.lock covers every action on the
locks and nothing narrower can claim a wider pattern.

cmd/mavend/actions_act.go

@@ -51,6 +51,12 @@ func (h *reactiveHandler) actionAct(ctx context.Context, dec router.Decision) st
 			phrase := actPhrase(dec.Slots.Fn, dec.Slots.Args)
 			h.park(dec.Slots.Fn, dec.Slots.Args, phrase)
 			return "выполнить «" + phrase + "»? скажи «да» или «нет»."
+		case errors.Is(err, tool.ErrNeedsAuthedSurface):
+			// Irreversible (internal/tool/risk.go). A confirm turn would not
+			// help: everything that proposed this act — the STT, the router,
+			// the fuzzy allowlist match — is a guess, and a spoken "да" checks
+			// none of it. She names the gap instead.
+			return "это я из голоса не выполню — после него ничего не вернуть. запусти сам, если правда надо."
 		case errors.Is(err, tool.ErrNotEnabled):
 			return h.proposeGap(ctx, dec)
 		case errors.Is(err, tool.ErrNotConnected), errors.Is(err, mcp.ErrNotConnected), errors.Is(err, mcp.ErrNoServer):

cmd/mavend/actions_act_risk_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/router"
+)
+
+// The act path speaks each tier (Vikunja #449): a safe row runs, a destructive
+// one costs a confirm turn, an irreversible one is refused with the reason.
+func TestActPathSpeaksTheTiers(t *testing.T) {
+	h, st, _ := newClarifyHandler(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	now := h.now()
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name        string
+		cmd         []string
+		destructive bool
+	}{
+		{"status", []string{"true"}, false},
+		{"restart", []string{"true"}, true},
+		{"wipe", []string{"rm", "-rf"}, true},
+	} {
+		if _, err := st.ProposeTool(ctx, tc.name, "test", "homelab", now); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("propose %s: %v", tc.name, err)
+		}
+		if err := st.EnableTool(ctx, tc.name, tc.cmd, tc.destructive, "homelab", now); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("enable %s: %v", tc.name, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	act := func(fn string) string {
+		return h.actionAct(ctx, router.Decision{
+			Intent:    router.IntentAct,
+			Utterance: fn,
+			Slots:     router.Slots{Fn: fn, HasFn: true},
+		})
+	}
+
+	if reply := act("status"); !strings.HasPrefix(reply, "готово") {
+		t.Errorf("safe act replied %q; want it to have run", reply)
+	}
+	if reply := act("restart"); !strings.Contains(reply, "скажи «да»") {
+		t.Errorf("destructive act replied %q; want a confirm turn", reply)
+	}
+	// Clear the confirm the destructive act parked, so what is pending after
+	// the irreversible one is only what the irreversible one parked.
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	h.pending = nil
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	reply := act("wipe")
+	if strings.Contains(reply, "скажи «да»") {
+		t.Fatalf("irreversible act asked for a confirm: %q", reply)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "не вернуть") {
+		t.Errorf("irreversible act replied %q; want it to name the reason", reply)
+	}
+	// Nothing was parked, so a later "да" cannot pick it up.
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	pending := h.pending
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+	if pending != nil {
+		t.Errorf("an irreversible act parked %+v", pending)
+	}
+	// And it is still an enabled row — refusing to run it from voice is not
+	// the same as taking it off the allowlist.
+	if got, err := st.LookupTool(ctx, "wipe"); err != nil || got.Status != "enabled" {
+		t.Errorf("wipe is %+v, %v; want it still enabled", got, err)
+	}
+}

cmd/mavweb/main.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/ipc"
 	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/pattern"
 	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/tasks"
+	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/tool"
 	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/voice"
 	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/webauthn"
 )
@@ -746,6 +747,8 @@ func handleDash(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, core ipc.CoreAPI) {
 var toolsTmpl = template.Must(template.New("tools").Funcs(func() template.FuncMap {
 	m := shellFuncs()
 	m["join"] = strings.Join
+	m["capability"] = func(t ipc.Tool) string { return tool.CapabilityOf(t).String() }
+	m["risk"] = func(t ipc.Tool) string { return string(tool.RiskOf(t)) }
 	return m
 }()).Parse(shellTopHTML + toolsHTML + shellBottomHTML))
 
@@ -756,9 +759,9 @@ const toolsHTML = `{{template "shellTop" "tools"}}
 <section class=card>
 <h2 class=card-title>proposed <span class=badge>{{len .Proposed}}</span></h2>
 {{if .Proposed}}<p class=hint>maven drafted these from acts she couldn't run. Fill the command (argv, space-separated) and enable. A row in an <code>mcp:</code> scope came from an MCP server and already knows what it calls — check the command, then enable.</p>
-<div class=scroll><table><tr><th>name</th><th>scope</th><th>from utterance</th><th>enable as</th></tr>
+<div class=scroll><table><tr><th>name</th><th>capability</th><th>scope</th><th>from utterance</th><th>enable as</th></tr>
 {{range .Proposed}}<tr>
-<td><code>{{.Name}}</code></td><td><span class=badge>{{.Scope}}</span></td><td>{{.Utterance}}</td>
+<td><code>{{.Name}}</code></td><td><code>{{capability .}}</code></td><td><span class=badge>{{.Scope}}</span></td><td>{{.Utterance}}</td>
 <td><form method=post action=/tools>
 <input type=hidden name=name value="{{.Name}}">
 <input type=hidden name=scope value="{{.Scope}}">
@@ -779,14 +782,16 @@ const toolsHTML = `{{template "shellTop" "tools"}}
 </section>
 <section class=card>
 <h2 class=card-title>enabled <span class=badge>{{len .Enabled}}</span></h2>
-{{if .Enabled}}<div class=scroll><table><tr><th>name</th><th>scope</th><th>command</th><th></th><th></th></tr>
-{{range .Enabled}}<tr><td><code>{{.Name}}</code></td><td><span class=badge>{{.Scope}}</span></td><td><code>{{join .Cmd " "}}</code></td>
-<td>{{if .Destructive}}<span class=red>destructive</span>{{end}}</td>
+{{if .Enabled}}<p class=hint>grouped by capability domain. The dotted id is <code>scope.domain.action</code> — the same shape Hexis speaks — and it is derived from the row, so it always describes what the command actually does.</p>
+{{range .Groups}}<h3 class=card-title><code>{{.Prefix}}</code> <span class=badge>{{len .Tools}}</span></h3>
+<div class=scroll><table><tr><th>capability</th><th>name</th><th>command</th><th>risk</th><th></th></tr>
+{{range .Tools}}<tr><td><code>{{capability .}}</code></td><td><code>{{.Name}}</code></td><td><code>{{join .Cmd " "}}</code></td>
+<td>{{$r := risk .}}{{if eq $r "irreversible"}}<span class=red>irreversible</span>{{else if eq $r "destructive"}}<span class=red>destructive</span>{{else}}<span class=badge>safe</span>{{end}}</td>
 <td><form method=post action=/tools class=inline-form>
 <input type=hidden name=name value="{{.Name}}">
 <input type=hidden name=scope value="{{.Scope}}">
 <input type=hidden name=action value=disable>
-<button class=btn>disable</button></form></td></tr>{{end}}</table></div>
+<button class=btn>disable</button></form></td></tr>{{end}}</table></div>{{end}}
 {{else}}<div class=empty>
   <svg class=icon width="20" height="20"><use href="/ethos-icons.svg#i-settings"/></svg>
   <div>no tools enabled</div>
@@ -1459,12 +1464,16 @@ func handleTools(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, core ipc.CoreAPI, sessi
 		servers = nil
 	}
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	// Enabled rows are shown grouped by capability domain (Vikunja #452). A
+	// flat list stops answering "what can she do to the house" somewhere
+	// around fifteen rows, and that is the question this page exists for.
 	if err := toolsTmpl.Execute(w, struct {
 		Msg      string
 		Proposed []ipc.Tool
 		Enabled  []ipc.Tool
+		Groups   []tool.CapabilityGroup
 		MCP      []ipc.MCPServerStatus
-	}{msg, proposed, enabled, servers}); err != nil {
+	}{msg, proposed, enabled, tool.GroupByDomain(enabled), servers}); err != nil {
 		log.Printf("tools render: %v", err)
 	}
 }

docs/design.md

@@ -293,6 +293,57 @@ don't improvise.** Destructive ones still gate behind confirm.
 Misroute correction is append-only and grows the router's examples with use —
 same shape as `nudges.outcome` tuning cooldowns, no retrain.
 
+#### Risk tiers, not one boolean
+
+`Destructive` on a tool row is one bit set by whoever ticked the checkbox on
+`/tools`. It is a mechanism, and it never said which acts are destructive,
+whether a confirmed act stays confirmed, or what a new tool domain inherits.
+`internal/tool/risk.go` is the policy (Vikunja #449). The tier is DERIVED from
+the row, not stored, so it can be argued with in one place instead of being
+whatever the last person to enable the tool believed.
+
+| Tier | What it is | What it costs |
+|---|---|---|
+| `safe` | a read, or a change he can undo by saying the opposite | runs on first hearing |
+| `destructive` | it changes something real and undoing it takes work | one confirm turn, every time |
+| `irreversible` | the thing does not come back: a wipe, a format, a delete with no bin | voice may not authorise it at all |
+
+Three rules fall out, and they are the part that was missing:
+
+- **Which acts are destructive is not only the checkbox.** A house row always
+  is, because there is no read-only way to turn the heating off. A row whose
+  argv names one of the irreversible verbs always is, whatever the row says.
+- **A confirmed act never stays confirmed.** At any tier. A confirmation binds
+  one capability, one target and one argument list, and it dies with the parked
+  turn (90s). "The same act again" is a new act. A sticky confirm is a standing
+  grant and nothing on the voice path may hold one.
+- **A new domain inherits `destructive`, not `safe`.** A dispatch shape the
+  policy does not recognise gets the confirm turn. A domain argues its way down
+  to running freely; it never has to argue its way up to being gated.
+
+#### Capability ids
+
+A row is also read as a dotted capability id, `scope.domain.action` — the same
+shape Hexis has always spoken, which made the local surface the odd one out
+(Vikunja #452). `homelab.docker.restart`, `house.lock.unlock`,
+`mcp_vikunja.vikunja.delete_task`.
+
+Derived, not stored, for the reason the tier is: a derivation is one place to
+argue with. The name is still the primary key and nothing about lookup or
+execution changed — this is a way to READ the allowlist, not a second one.
+`/tools` groups the enabled rows by `scope.domain` and prints the id and the
+tier beside each, because a flat list stops answering "what can she do to the
+house" somewhere around fifteen rows.
+
+`MatchCapability` widens one way: `house` and `house.lock` both cover
+`house.lock.unlock`, and nothing lets a narrower id claim a wider pattern.
+
+The irreversible tier is refused rather than asked about, because a confirm
+turn would be theatre: everything that proposed the act — an STT guess, a
+router guess, a fuzzy allowlist match — is a guess, and a spoken "да" checks
+none of it. She names the gap and he runs it himself. The row stays enabled;
+refusing to run it from voice is not the same as taking it off the allowlist.
+
 ---
 
 ## Voice pipeline (STT / TTS)

internal/tool/capability.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package tool
+
+import (
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/ipc"
+	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/mcp"
+	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/smarthome"
+)
+
+// Capability ids (Vikunja #452).
+//
+// A tool row is flat: one name, one scope, one enabled bit. Permission is
+// therefore per name, and nothing groups. Hexis has spoken dotted capability
+// ids since it existed, so the local surface was the odd one out — and the
+// flat shape gets expensive around fifteen rows, when "what can she do to the
+// house" stops being a question anyone can answer by reading a list.
+//
+// A capability id is scope.domain.action: homelab.docker.restart,
+// house.lock.unlock, mcp_vikunja.vikunja.delete_task.
+//
+// DERIVED, not stored, for the same reason the risk tier is (risk.go): a
+// derivation is one place to argue with, a column is whatever the last person
+// to enable the row happened to type. The name stays the primary key and
+// nothing about lookup or execution changes — this is a way to READ the
+// allowlist, not a second allowlist.
+type Capability struct {
+	Scope  string
+	Domain string
+	Action string
+}
+
+// String renders the dotted id. An empty segment becomes "unknown" rather than
+// collapsing, so an id always has three parts and a prefix match cannot
+// accidentally widen.
+func (c Capability) String() string {
+	return capSegment(c.Scope) + "." + capSegment(c.Domain) + "." + capSegment(c.Action)
+}
+
+func capSegment(s string) string {
+	s = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(s))
+	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, ".", "_")
+	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, " ", "_")
+	if s == "" {
+		return "unknown"
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// CapabilityOf derives the id of a tool row.
+//
+// The domain is the thing acted on and the action is what is done to it, read
+// off whichever dispatch shape the row uses:
+//
+//   - a house row: the Home Assistant entity domain and the service, so
+//     light.kitchen + turn_off becomes house.light.turn_off. Its scope is
+//     "house" whatever the row says, because the entity id is what decides
+//     what it touches.
+//   - an MCP row: the server handle and the remote tool name.
+//   - a process row: the program (path stripped) and its first subcommand, or
+//     the tool name when the argv carries no second word.
+func CapabilityOf(t ipc.Tool) Capability {
+	if entityID, service, ok := smarthome.ParseCmd(t.Cmd); ok {
+		domain := entityID
+		if i := strings.Index(entityID, "."); i > 0 {
+			domain = entityID[:i]
+		}
+		return Capability{Scope: "house", Domain: domain, Action: service}
+	}
+	if server, remote, ok := mcp.ParseCmd(t.Cmd); ok {
+		return Capability{Scope: "mcp_" + server, Domain: server, Action: remote}
+	}
+	scope := t.Scope
+	if scope == "" {
+		scope = "homelab"
+	}
+	if len(t.Cmd) == 0 {
+		// A proposal has no argv yet. It still gets an id, because "what did
+		// she ask for" is exactly the question the proposed list answers.
+		return Capability{Scope: scope, Domain: "unknown", Action: t.Name}
+	}
+	program := t.Cmd[0]
+	if i := strings.LastIndex(program, "/"); i >= 0 {
+		program = program[i+1:]
+	}
+	action := t.Name
+	if len(t.Cmd) > 1 && !strings.HasPrefix(t.Cmd[1], "-") {
+		action = t.Cmd[1]
+	}
+	return Capability{Scope: scope, Domain: program, Action: action}
+}
+
+// MatchCapability reports whether an id matches a pattern. A pattern is a
+// dotted id whose segments may be "*", and a pattern with fewer segments than
+// the id matches every id under it: "house" and "house.*" both cover
+// house.lock.unlock.
+//
+// Prefix widening is deliberate and one-directional. "house.lock" covers every
+// action on the locks; nothing lets a narrower id claim a wider pattern.
+func MatchCapability(pattern string, c Capability) bool {
+	want := strings.Split(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(pattern)), ".")
+	got := strings.Split(c.String(), ".")
+	if len(want) > len(got) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i, w := range want {
+		if w == "*" || w == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if w != got[i] {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// GroupByDomain buckets rows by "scope.domain" and returns the buckets in a
+// stable order, which is what makes the allowlist readable past the point
+// where a flat list stops being.
+func GroupByDomain(tools []ipc.Tool) []CapabilityGroup {
+	byKey := map[string][]ipc.Tool{}
+	for _, t := range tools {
+		c := CapabilityOf(t)
+		byKey[capSegment(c.Scope)+"."+capSegment(c.Domain)] = append(byKey[capSegment(c.Scope)+"."+capSegment(c.Domain)], t)
+	}
+	out := make([]CapabilityGroup, 0, len(byKey))
+	for k, v := range byKey {
+		sort.Slice(v, func(i, j int) bool { return v[i].Name < v[j].Name })
+		out = append(out, CapabilityGroup{Prefix: k, Tools: v})
+	}
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool { return out[i].Prefix < out[j].Prefix })
+	return out
+}
+
+// CapabilityGroup — one scope.domain and the rows under it.
+type CapabilityGroup struct {
+	Prefix string
+	Tools  []ipc.Tool
+}

internal/tool/capability_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package tool
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/ipc"
+)
+
+func TestCapabilityOfDescribesTheRow(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		tool ipc.Tool
+		want string
+	}{
+		{
+			"a process with a subcommand",
+			ipc.Tool{Name: "restart", Scope: "homelab", Cmd: []string{"docker", "restart"}},
+			"homelab.docker.restart",
+		},
+		{
+			"a program with a path and a flag",
+			ipc.Tool{Name: "backup", Scope: "homelab", Cmd: []string{"/usr/local/bin/borg", "-v"}},
+			"homelab.borg.backup",
+		},
+		{
+			"the house",
+			ipc.Tool{Name: "unlock_front", Cmd: []string{"smarthome", "lock.front_door", "unlock"}},
+			"house.lock.unlock",
+		},
+		{
+			"an mcp tool",
+			ipc.Tool{Name: "vikunja_delete_task", Cmd: []string{"mcp", "vikunja", "delete_task"}},
+			"mcp_vikunja.vikunja.delete_task",
+		},
+		{
+			"a proposal with no command yet",
+			ipc.Tool{Name: "перезапусти", Scope: "homelab"},
+			"homelab.unknown.перезапусти",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		if got := CapabilityOf(c.tool).String(); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("%s: %q; want %q", c.name, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// A dotted id always has three segments, so a prefix pattern cannot widen by
+// accident onto a row whose scope happens to be empty.
+func TestCapabilityStringAlwaysHasThreeSegments(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := (Capability{}).String(); got != "unknown.unknown.unknown" {
+		t.Errorf("empty capability = %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := (Capability{Scope: "home lab", Domain: "a.b", Action: "X"}).String(); got != "home_lab.a_b.x" {
+		t.Errorf("segments not folded: %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMatchCapabilityWidensOneWay(t *testing.T) {
+	c := CapabilityOf(ipc.Tool{Name: "unlock_front", Cmd: []string{"smarthome", "lock.front_door", "unlock"}})
+	for _, p := range []string{"house", "house.lock", "house.lock.unlock", "house.*.unlock", "*.lock"} {
+		if !MatchCapability(p, c) {
+			t.Errorf("%q did not match %s", p, c)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, p := range []string{"homelab", "house.light", "house.lock.lock", "house.lock.unlock.now"} {
+		if MatchCapability(p, c) {
+			t.Errorf("%q matched %s", p, c)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGroupByDomainIsStable(t *testing.T) {
+	tools := []ipc.Tool{
+		{Name: "restart", Scope: "homelab", Cmd: []string{"docker", "restart"}},
+		{Name: "unlock_front", Cmd: []string{"smarthome", "lock.front_door", "unlock"}},
+		{Name: "logs", Scope: "homelab", Cmd: []string{"docker", "logs"}},
+	}
+	groups := GroupByDomain(tools)
+	if len(groups) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("%d groups; want 2", len(groups))
+	}
+	if groups[0].Prefix != "homelab.docker" || len(groups[0].Tools) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("first group %+v; want homelab.docker with 2 rows", groups[0])
+	}
+	if groups[0].Tools[0].Name != "logs" {
+		t.Errorf("rows not sorted: %+v", groups[0].Tools)
+	}
+	if groups[1].Prefix != "house.lock" {
+		t.Errorf("second group %q; want house.lock", groups[1].Prefix)
+	}
+}

internal/tool/risk.go

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package tool
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/ipc"
+	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/mcp"
+	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/smarthome"
+)
+
+// Risk tiers (Vikunja #449).
+//
+// What existed before this file was a mechanism and no policy: one
+// `Destructive` boolean per row, set by whoever ticked the checkbox on /tools.
+// Nothing said which acts are destructive, whether a confirmed act stays
+// confirmed, or what a new tool domain inherits — so every domain answered
+// those questions for itself, and two of them answered differently.
+//
+// The tiers below are the policy. They are derived from the row, not stored:
+// a derivation can be argued with and corrected in one place, while a column
+// is whatever the last person to enable the tool believed.
+//
+// The three questions, answered once:
+//
+//   - WHICH ACTS ARE DESTRUCTIVE. A house row always is, because there is no
+//     read-only way to turn the heating off. A row whose argv names one of the
+//     irreversible verbs always is, whatever the checkbox says. Everything else
+//     is what the row was enabled as.
+//   - DOES A CONFIRMED ACT STAY CONFIRMED. No. Never, at any tier. A
+//     confirmation binds one capability, one target and one argument list, and
+//     it expires with the parked turn (confirmTTL, 90s). "Same act again" is a
+//     new act and costs a new turn. A sticky confirm is a standing grant, and
+//     nothing on the voice path may hold one.
+//   - WHAT A NEW DOMAIN INHERITS. The default is TierDestructive, not
+//     TierSafe. A dispatch shape this file does not recognise gets the confirm
+//     turn — a new domain must argue its way DOWN to running freely, never up
+//     to needing a confirm.
+type Risk string
+
+const (
+	// TierSafe — a read, or a mutation the owner can undo by saying the
+	// opposite. Runs on first hearing.
+	TierSafe Risk = "safe"
+	// TierDestructive — it changes something real and undoing it takes work.
+	// One confirm turn, every time, never remembered.
+	TierDestructive Risk = "destructive"
+	// TierIrreversible — the thing it acts on does not come back: a wipe, a
+	// format, a delete with no bin behind it. A confirm turn is not enough,
+	// because the whole chain that proposed it — an STT guess, a router guess,
+	// a fuzzy allowlist match — has a spoken "да" as its only check. She names
+	// the gap and he runs it himself.
+	TierIrreversible Risk = "irreversible"
+)
+
+// Policy — what a tier requires of the act path.
+//
+// There is deliberately no "sticky for" field. Non-stickiness is the policy,
+// and a knob that could turn it off would be the thing to argue with instead
+// of the rule.
+type Policy struct {
+	// Confirm — the act does not run on first hearing.
+	Confirm bool
+	// VoiceMayRun — a spoken confirmation is enough authority to run it.
+	VoiceMayRun bool
+}
+
+// PolicyFor returns the requirements of a tier. An unknown tier is treated as
+// destructive, for the same reason the default derivation is.
+func PolicyFor(r Risk) Policy {
+	switch r {
+	case TierSafe:
+		return Policy{Confirm: false, VoiceMayRun: true}
+	case TierIrreversible:
+		return Policy{Confirm: true, VoiceMayRun: false}
+	default:
+		return Policy{Confirm: true, VoiceMayRun: true}
+	}
+}
+
+// irreversibleVerbs — argv heads and subcommands that destroy the thing they
+// name. Matched as whole argv elements, never as substrings: "rm" must not
+// fire on "/usr/bin/rmdir-report" and "drop" must not fire on "dropbox".
+//
+// The list is short on purpose. It is not a sandbox and it does not try to be
+// one — an enabled row can already run anything the daemon's user can run.
+// What it is, is the set of words that mean "and then it is gone", so that the
+// one act nobody can walk back is the one act a spoken "да" cannot authorise.
+var irreversibleVerbs = map[string]bool{
+	"rm": true, "rmdir": true, "shred": true, "srm": true,
+	"mkfs": true, "fdisk": true, "parted": true, "wipefs": true,
+	"dd": true, "format": true,
+	"drop": true, "drop-database": true, "destroy": true, "purge": true,
+	"prune": true, "truncate": true,
+}
+
+// RiskOf derives the tier of an enabled tool row.
+func RiskOf(t ipc.Tool) Risk {
+	if isIrreversible(t.Cmd) {
+		return TierIrreversible
+	}
+	// A house row is a physical change to the flat, and the confirm turn on it
+	// is structural rather than a column: /tools writes the checkbox straight
+	// through on enable, so unticking it once turned an unlock into a row that
+	// ran on first hearing. Nothing any surface writes removes the second turn
+	// from a physical device.
+	if _, _, ok := smarthome.ParseCmd(t.Cmd); ok {
+		return TierDestructive
+	}
+	// An MCP row is a call to somebody else's server. It is enabled with a
+	// fingerprint of what it declared at approval time (Vikunja #251), and the
+	// tier tracks the same flag every other row uses — the point of this branch
+	// is that it is NOT special-cased into running freely.
+	if _, _, ok := mcp.ParseCmd(t.Cmd); ok {
+		if t.Destructive {
+			return TierDestructive
+		}
+		return TierSafe
+	}
+	if t.Destructive {
+		return TierDestructive
+	}
+	if len(t.Cmd) == 0 {
+		// Not a shape this file knows how to read. The default is the confirm
+		// turn: a new domain argues its way down, not up.
+		return TierDestructive
+	}
+	return TierSafe
+}
+
+// isIrreversible reports whether any argv element is one of the verbs that
+// destroys what it names. Every element, not just the head: "sudo rm" and
+// "docker volume prune" both hide the verb behind a wrapper.
+func isIrreversible(cmd []string) bool {
+	for _, arg := range cmd {
+		word := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(arg))
+		// Take the last path element, so /bin/rm reads as rm.
+		if i := strings.LastIndex(word, "/"); i >= 0 {
+			word = word[i+1:]
+		}
+		if irreversibleVerbs[word] {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

internal/tool/risk_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package tool
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/kami/maven/internal/ipc"
+)
+
+func TestRiskOfReadsTheRow(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		tool ipc.Tool
+		want Risk
+	}{
+		{"a plain read", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"systemctl", "status"}}, TierSafe},
+		{"the checkbox", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"systemctl", "restart"}, Destructive: true}, TierDestructive},
+		{"a wipe", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"rm", "-rf"}}, TierIrreversible},
+		{"a wipe behind a wrapper", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"sudo", "/bin/rm"}}, TierIrreversible},
+		{"a prune behind a subcommand", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"docker", "volume", "prune"}}, TierIrreversible},
+		{"the house", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"smarthome", "light.kitchen", "turn_off"}}, TierDestructive},
+		{"the house with the box unticked", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"smarthome", "lock.front", "unlock"}}, TierDestructive},
+		{"an mcp read", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"mcp", "vikunja", "list_tasks"}}, TierSafe},
+		{"an mcp write", ipc.Tool{Cmd: []string{"mcp", "vikunja", "delete_task"}, Destructive: true}, TierDestructive},
+		{"a shape nobody wrote yet", ipc.Tool{}, TierDestructive},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		if got := RiskOf(c.tool); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("%s: RiskOf = %q; want %q", c.name, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// The default is the confirm turn. A tier this file does not know is not a
+// tier that runs freely.
+func TestPolicyForDefaultsToConfirming(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, r := range []Risk{TierDestructive, Risk("whatever-lands-here-next")} {
+		p := PolicyFor(r)
+		if !p.Confirm || !p.VoiceMayRun {
+			t.Errorf("PolicyFor(%q) = %+v; want a confirm turn she may run", r, p)
+		}
+	}
+	if p := PolicyFor(TierSafe); p.Confirm || !p.VoiceMayRun {
+		t.Errorf("PolicyFor(safe) = %+v; want it to run", p)
+	}
+	if p := PolicyFor(TierIrreversible); !p.Confirm || p.VoiceMayRun {
+		t.Errorf("PolicyFor(irreversible) = %+v; want voice refused", p)
+	}
+}
+
+// An irreversible act is refused whether or not he said "да", because there is
+// no second answer that changes what it would do.
+func TestExecRefusesIrreversibleEvenConfirmed(t *testing.T) {
+	api := fakeAPI{tools: map[string]ipc.Tool{
+		"wipe": {Name: "wipe", Status: "enabled", Cmd: []string{"rm", "-rf"}, Destructive: true},
+	}}
+	e := NewExecutor(api, 0)
+	ran := false
+	e.run = func(context.Context, []string) (string, error) { ran = true; return "", nil }
+	for _, confirmed := range []bool{false, true} {
+		if _, err := e.Exec(context.Background(), "wipe", []string{"/data"}, confirmed); !errors.Is(err, ErrNeedsAuthedSurface) {
+			t.Errorf("confirmed=%v: %v; want ErrNeedsAuthedSurface", confirmed, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if ran {
+		t.Fatal("an irreversible act ran from the voice path")
+	}
+}
+
+// A row with no cmd at all is not a shape this file reads, and it must not
+// slide through as safe.
+func TestExecConfirmsAnUnreadableRow(t *testing.T) {
+	api := fakeAPI{tools: map[string]ipc.Tool{
+		"mystery": {Name: "mystery", Status: "enabled"},
+	}}
+	e := NewExecutor(api, 0)
+	if _, err := e.Exec(context.Background(), "mystery", nil, false); !errors.Is(err, ErrNeedsConfirm) {
+		t.Errorf("%v; want ErrNeedsConfirm", err)
+	}
+}

internal/tool/tool.go

@@ -67,6 +67,12 @@ var (
 	// proposal, and drafting a new proposal for a tool that already exists and
 	// is enabled is a lie about what is wrong.
 	ErrNotConnected = errors.New("tool is enabled but its backend is not connected")
+	// ErrNeedsAuthedSurface — the row is enabled and the act is understood,
+	// and its tier is one a spoken "да" may not authorise (risk.go,
+	// TierIrreversible). Held apart from ErrNeedsConfirm because there is no
+	// confirm turn that would help: asking again would imply the second answer
+	// changes the outcome.
+	ErrNeedsAuthedSurface = errors.New("tool is irreversible and voice may not authorise it")
 )
 
 // MCPCaller is the seam for an act that is an MCP tool call rather than a
@@ -121,7 +127,12 @@ func (e *Executor) WithHome(h HomeCaller) *Executor {
 // Exec looks up name in the store and runs Cmd+args as argv (no shell).
 // confirmed=true is the second turn of a destructive act (the user said "да");
 // it bypasses the ErrNeedsConfirm gate. Non-enabled ⇒ ErrNotEnabled; a
-// destructive tool with confirmed=false ⇒ ErrNeedsConfirm.
+// destructive tool with confirmed=false ⇒ ErrNeedsConfirm; an irreversible one
+// ⇒ ErrNeedsAuthedSurface, confirmed or not.
+//
+// Exec IS the voice path. Nothing else calls it, which is why the tier check
+// needs no surface argument: the authority it can offer a tool is a spoken
+// "да", and TierIrreversible says that is not enough.
 func (e *Executor) Exec(ctx context.Context, name string, args []string, confirmed bool) (string, error) {
 	t, err := e.api.LookupTool(ctx, name)
 	if errors.Is(err, ipc.ErrToolNotFound) {
@@ -133,7 +144,15 @@ func (e *Executor) Exec(ctx context.Context, name string, args []string, confirm
 	if t.Status != "enabled" {
 		return "", ErrNotEnabled
 	}
-	if t.Destructive && !confirmed {
+	// The tier decides, not the column (Vikunja #449). RiskOf reads the row and
+	// answers the three questions the boolean never did: which acts are
+	// destructive, whether a confirm sticks (it never does), and what an
+	// unrecognised shape inherits (the confirm turn).
+	policy := PolicyFor(RiskOf(t))
+	if !policy.VoiceMayRun {
+		return "", ErrNeedsAuthedSurface
+	}
+	if policy.Confirm && !confirmed {
 		return "", ErrNeedsConfirm
 	}
 	// An MCP row is a call to a configured server, not a process. Everything